総排泄腔遺残

Heavy metal pollution from tannery industries presents significant environmental and public health concerns due to the toxicity and persistence of metals such as Pb2+ and Cd2+. This study aimed to isolate and characterize indigenous Pb2+ and Cd2+-tolerant bacteria from tannery effluents and contaminated soils of highly polluted areas in Dhaka for potential bioremediation applications. A total of 72 Pb2+-tolerant and 52 Cd2+-tolerant bacterial isolates were obtained using metal-supplemented LB agar. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) recorded were 4000 ppm for Pb2+ and 250 ppm for Cd2+. Quantitative analysis demonstrated removal efficiencies of 93.91% for Pb2+ and 89.66% for Cd2+. All isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and cellulase activity. Most isolates were antibiotic-sensitive, though some showed multidrug resistance, emphasizing the need for biosafety evaluation. The most promising isolates were partially identified as Enterobacter spp. and K. pneumoniae. Protein expression profiling by SDS-PAGE revealed metal-responsive proteins ranging from 25 to 75 kDa under selective Pb2+ and Cd2+ stress. Genomic and proteomic analyses further indicated the involvement of efflux pump-associated genes in metal resistance, where cusR was identified as a common resistance gene among the dominant strains. Overall, these findings suggest that the indigenous K. pneumoniae possesses strong potential for Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal, along with plant growth-promoting capabilities, making them promising candidate for bioremediation and phytoremediation strategies.

The plant microbiome plays a pivotal role in plant survival in natural habitats by facilitating nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and disease suppression, while also offering opportunities to enhance crop productivity and climate resilience. However, the distribution of persistent and culturable bacteriome across maize-associated niches and their functional potential remain poorly resolved. This study integrated metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS-based metabarcoding) and culturomics to characterise the maize-associated bacteriome of bulk soil, rhizoplane, phylloplane, and cob of the maize hybrid PHM-1 under contrasting cropping and tillage systems, and to identify recurrent and agriculturally promising bacteriome components. The bacteriome exhibited pronounced niche-specific structuring, whereas overall bacterial community composition did not differ significantly across cropping and tillage treatments (ANOSIM, R = 0.038, p = 0.306). Proteobacteria predominated in the culturable bacteriome (69-84%; mean, 76.2%) but accounted for only 1% of the total bacteriome, whereas Patescibacteria and Firmicutes were relatively enriched. Niche-specific dominance was evident, with Pantoea accounting for 40.79% of the total and 56.27% of the culturable phylloplane bacteriome under cereal monocropping, while Serratia represented 31.59% and 59.40% of the total and culturable cob bacteriomes, respectively. Across niches, mNGS captured substantially greater bacteriome diversity, particularly uncultured and unidentified taxa in soil-associated compartments, whereas culturomics recovered a narrower but functionally accessible fraction. Culturomics yielded 99 isolates representing 32 species across 12 genera, including six genera shared with the mNGS-derived recurrent bacteriome: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Stenotrophomonas. Functional screening identified strong biocontrol and plant-beneficial traits among core-associated isolates. Pseudomonas oryzihabitans ZM-DL-PA10 inhibited Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Bipolaris maydis by up to 40.6%, 43.9%, and 45.2%, respectively, through secreted and volatile metabolites; exhibited P, K, and Zn solubilisation; and produced IAA and siderophores. It also recorded the lowest B. maydis disease index (ADI) of 1.00. Pantoea ananatis ZM-BH-EA4 showed 52.4% and 68.5% inhibition of R. solani and B. maydis, respectively, through volatile metabolites. Collectively, the integration of mNGS and culturomics revealed a strongly compartmentalised maize bacteriome and identified recurrent, culturable, and functionally promising bacterial taxa, providing a targeted resource for microbiome-based crop protection and climate-resilient maize production.

BACKGROUND: Polymicrobial pneumonia caused by multiple pathogens is increasingly recognized in immune compromised individuals with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The immunocompromised state associated with T2DM predisposes patients to polymicrobial opportunistic infections, including multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Prompt laboratory diagnosis and organism-specific treatment are critical for optimal outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 53-year-old male with newly diagnosed T2DM who presented with a three-month history of left-sided chest pain, dry cough, dyspnoea, and persistent fever. Initial empirical antibiotic therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone was ineffective. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast imaging revealed a massive loculated left pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis. Analysis of microbiological culture and sensitivity results revealed a polymicrobial infection involving multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp with inducible AmpC resistance, and fluconazole-susceptible dose dependent Candida glabrata. Based on the laboratory results, intravenous meropenem, high dose antifungal therapy, and subsequent oral fluconazole were recommended and led to successful treatment. Glycaemic control was concurrently optimized with insulin therapy and initial random blood sugar levels were 16.7 mmole per l, and at discharge was 9.3 mmoles per l. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the importance of considering polymicrobial infections in diabetic patients presenting with unresolving pneumonia. Early use of imaging and microbiological analysis of the pleural fluid enabled prompt identification of the polymicrobial causative organisms, guiding tailored antimicrobial therapy. Multidisciplinary management is essential in improving outcomes in such complex cases.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent cloaca is a rare congenital malformation that can present with significant phenotypic variability. A subset of female cloaca patients presents with significant abdominal distension and deficient abdominal musculature, representing a distinct "prune belly-like" phenotype with unique challenges for neonatal care and surgical management. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe this cohort and its implications for pre- and post-natal interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of female patients diagnosed with persistent cloaca at a single institution between January 2010 and May 2026 with abdominal features consistent with prune belly syndrome (PBS) was performed. Data concerning prenatal diagnoses and interventions, neonatal course, surgical procedures, and imaging or exam findings were collected. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients with persistent cloaca were identified, of whom eight met the inclusion criteria. Mean gestational age was 34w2d (±22d) and median age at last follow up was 5.5 years [2.6-10.9 years]. All patients were White, six of Hispanic ethnicity. All required intubation immediately after birth for severe neonatal respiratory distress and/or pulmonary hypoplasia and had a median NICU stay of 106 days [80, 189], significantly longer than the median stay of persistent cloaca without PBS features (34.5 days [19, 60], p = 0.001). Additionally, all patients with PBS features were found to have hydrocolpos and/or megacystis on postnatal imaging, only present in 43% of those without PBS features. The patients were all managed with cutaneous vesicostomy and colostomy, except for one who died within 24 h of birth. Mean common channel length was 3.8 ± 1.9 cm; six patients have undergone definitive repair at a median age of 2.5 years [1.2-3.4]. Recurring features between patients included hydronephrosis or hydroureteronephrosis (8/8), grade V vesicoureteral reflux (4/8), some degree of Müllerian duplication (5/8), chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (4/8), and orthopedic anomalies (5/8). CONCLUSIONS: This series defines a unique prune belly cloacal phenotype characterized by abdominal wall attenuation alongside complex medical and surgical comorbidities. Findings support the mechanical disruption model of prune belly syndrome in which in-utero urinary tract obstruction and distension impair development of the abdominal wall. These patients face high rates of respiratory compromise at birth, prolonged neonatal intensive care, and delayed definitive cloacal repair compared with the broader persistent cloaca population.

OBJECTIVE: To improve diagnostic accuracy and postoperative outcomes in patients with persistent cloaca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 33 female patients with persistent cloaca between 2021 and 2025. All patients underwent ultrasound, MRI, contrast cloacoscopy, and distal colostography. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed when necessary. Anatomical variations, concomitant malformations, surgical techniques, and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULT: Total length of common channel was up to 2.0 cm in 43.3% of patients, 2.1-3.5 cm - in 50.0%, >4.0 cm - in 6.7%. Posterior sagittal anorecto-urethro-vaginoplasty was performed in 83.3% of cases. Two patients with long and narrow channels underwent laparoscopic or open abdominal-perineal approaches. Colostomy-related complications occurred in 7 patients (evagination), wound dehiscence - 2, isolated fecal incontinence - 1, combined urinary and fecal incontinence - 1. The last one was managed using a bowel management program (laxatives, enemas, dietary modifications) and secondary colostomy. Other patients experienced no complications. The maximum follow-up period exceeds 5 years. CONCLUSION: Length of common channel and anatomical configuration of cloacal malformations are essential for surgical planning and functional prognosis. Successful treatment depends on comprehensive diagnosis, timely colostomy and staged reconstruction in a specialized hospital.